National projects GHS

Recent projects

REcàrrega gestionada d'aqüífers i ús de SubsTrats ORgànics per Accelerar la renaturalització de l'aigua (RESTORA)

More information about projects in : https://restora.h2ogeo.upc.edu/ and https://twitter.com/ProjecteRestora

REFERENCE: ACA210/18/0040

Reserchers in charge : JESUS CARRERA / PAULA RODRIGUEZ

Amount total : 211.254€

Duration: 2020-2023

El objetivo general de RESTORA es mejorar la recarga gestionada de los acuíferos mediante capas reactivas y demostrar que es una tecnologia segura capaz de asumir los nuevos retos de contaminación que, acoplada a un sistema de depuración convencional, permite renaturalizar el agua al acuífero sin ningún riesgo sobre la salud humana ni el ecosistema, beneficiando a la zona hiporreica y la seguridad hídrica de Cataluña (en terminos de cantidad y calidad). El sistema de recarga estudiada simulará balsas de infiltración con capas reactivas formadas con sustratos orgánicos. Además, también se testará el acoplamiento de flujos caóticos para mejorar la mezcla y la degradación de contaminantes. Los nuevos retos de contaminación se centrarán en: patógenos, compuestos orgánicos emergentes y en sus productos de transformación (haciendo énfasis en disruptores endocrinos y en antibióticos), en nanopartículas, microplásticos y en contaminaciones biológicas, principalmente, por genes de resisténcia en antibióticos. Para poder evaluar el impacto sobre el ecosistema se realizarán tests de toxicidad, los resultados de los cuales se incorporaran a estudios de evaluación de riesgo.

ESTUDIO MULTIDISCIPLINAR DEL LITORAL PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE RECURSOS HIDRICOS SUBTERRÁNEOS ESTRATÉGICOS Y LA MEJORA DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS COSTANEROS

Reference project: ACA210/18/00007

Resercher in charge: ALBERT FOLCH

Amount total:199.118€

Duration:2020-2023

Abstract

El objetivo de este proyecto es desarrollar una metodología de caracterización en tiempo real de la intrusión marina y la descarga submarina de nutrientes, combinando tecnologías emergentes como la TEM-C con métodos hidrogeológicos y oceanográficos, aprovechando la experiencia de los proyectos MEDISTRAES (2014-2019) y ENIGMA (2017-2020) para la mejora de la caracterización y cuantificación de descarga y la identificación de los recursos hídricos subterráneos estratégicos en la zona costera. Para alcanzar este objetivo general se presentan dos objetivos específicos de TERRAMAR:

Caracterizar y cuantificar los procesos de mezcla que tienen lugar en los acuíferos litorales aluviales, así como los ciclos biogeoquímicos que regulan la transferencia de compuestos disueltos en el mar. Esta caracterización requiere una evaluación conjunta de la dinámica de la intrusión salina y la descarga submarina del agua subterránea al mar y, por tanto, la integración de diversos métodos y disciplinas. Los diferentes métodos utilizados incluyen principalmente la tomografía eléctrica marina continua (TEM-C), la caracterización hidrogeoquímica del acuífero costero (iones mayoritariamente, nutrientes, elementos traza) i el análisis isotópico (radio, nitrógeno y carbono) en múltiples piezómetros y en el litoral donde se encuentra la zona experimental de MEDISTRAES.

Validación de la TEM-C como un método de cribado de bajo coste para identificar zonas de descarga de agua dulce subterránea, con implicaciones para los ecosistemas costeros, y valorando los potenciales recursos hídricos subterráneos estratégicos. Para esta validación se aprovechará el conocimiento de detalle del lugar MEDISTRAES en tierra i en mar (sub-objetivo 1) para valorar la información de los acuíferos que se puede obtener desde el mar. Posteriormente, se tomará como referencia la masa de agua subterránea del Maresme (18) para su aplicación a gran escala, elaborando un protocolo de actuación para saber cómo ampliar su aplicación a toda la costa de Catalunya.

MOnitored Natural attenuation of Organic POLlutants and pathogens In porous media during managed aquifer recharge OperationS (MONOPOLIOS)

Financing entity: MICINN
Reference: RTI2018-101990-B-100
Amount total: 213.000€
Duration: 01/01/2019-31/12/2022
Investigator in charge: Xavier Sánchez Vila

SUMMARY

MONOPOLIOS deals with two potential threats posed by groundwater: pathogenic viruses and emerging organic compounds (EOCs) in the context of managed aquifer recharge practices. The project combines experiments at two different scales, discrimination of relevant processes characterizing transport of viruses and EOCs, conceptual model formulation, development of numerical methods, modeling at different scales, upscaling formulations and assessment of risk. The project is aimed at understanding the processes that limit the natural attenuation of organic pollutants and pathogens in porous media, with the final goal of diminishing the risk for human health during managed aquifer recharge practices in a bottom-up, multiscale, interdisciplinary approach. MONOPOLIOS builds on the limited knowledge existing about transport of pathogenic viruses and relevant EOCs in porous media, how they get retained or deactivated when travelling to the pumping wells, natural springs, or water bodies, and whether they can infect or affect human beings or ecosystems. Regarding pathogenic viruses, laboratory or field experiments cannot use real pathogens for obvious reasons; therefore we propose the use of nonpathogenic proxies in the form of nanoparticles that should be properly selected (actually designed). Regarding EOCs, very few molecules have been thoroughly investigated in terms of their degradation at different redox conditions, and whether their metabolites are hazardous, so that exploring them in terms of retardation and first-order deactivation coefficients is bound to fail. MONOPOLIOS explores the relevant transport processes, postulates the driving equations, and develop numerical models that can handle these equations using modern techniques based on fully Lagrangian approaches where pathogens or molecules are modeled as reactive particles undergoing a number of non-linear complex geochemical processes. These numerical techniques will be implemented in codes to model the experiments performed at the lab and also in the pilot site of Palamos, already monitored for this purpose. A most relevant point is the multiscale approach that calls for the need of proper formal upscaling of processes, parameters and equations. The results that will be obtained will be used to reevaluate the risk associated to MAR practices, in particular the impact of a recent approach developed in a previous RETOS project, that of the implementation of chaotic flow to enhance degradation of EOC molecules, that might potentially enhance spreading of pathogens.

Articles

Rodríguez-Escales, P., Sanchez-Vila, X. (2020) Modeling the fate of UV filters in subsurface: Co-metabolic degradation and the role of biomass in sorption processes, Water Research 168, Art no. 11519.

Rodríguez-Escales, P., Barba, C., Sanchez-Vila, X., Jacques, D., Folch, A. (2020) Coupling flow, heat and reactive transport modelling to reproduce in-situ redox potential evolution: application to an infiltration pond (in press).

Sole‐Mari, G., Fernàndez‐Garcia, D., Sanchez‐Vila, X., Bolster D. (2020) Lagrangian modeling of mixing‐limited reactive transport in porous media: Multirate Interaction by exchange with the mean, Water Resources Research, Vol 56 (8), https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026993

BARBA, C., RODRIGUEZ-ESCALES, P., SANCHEZ-VILA, X., MARCE, R., FOLCH, A. Evaluating the influence of temperature and redox conditions during the infiltration in a recharge pond located in the Llobregat river basin. Goldschmidt2019, Barcelona 18-23 Agosto, 2019.

BERTRAN-OLLER, O., FERNANDEZ-GARCIA, D., RODRIGUEZ-ESCALES, P., SOLE-MARI, G. Chaotic flows as a tool to control preferential paths in heterogeneous porous media. EGU General Assembly 2019- Vol, 21, EGU2019-17327

CANELLES, A., RODRIGUEZ-ESCALES, P., MODRZYNSKI, J., ALBERS, C., AAMAND, J., SANCHEZ-VILA, X. (2019) Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) and inorganic nutrients modelling in MAR wastewater column experiments. Goldschmidt2019, Barcelona 18-23 Agosto, 2019.

FERNANDEZ-GARCIA, D., SOLE-MARI, G. RIVA, M., GUADAGNINI, A., SANCHEZ-VILA, X. (2019) Solute transport in generalized sub-gaussian hydraulic conductivity distributions. EGU General Assembly 2019- Vol, 21, EGU2019-17813

RODRIGUEZ-ESCALES, P., SANCHEZ-VILA, X. (2019) Evaluating the fate of four ultraviolet filters in the subsurface: the effect of redox conditions in degradation and sorption. Goldschmidt2019, Barcelona 18-23 Agosto, 2019.

RODRIGUEZ-ESCALES, P., BARBA, C., SANCHEZ-VILA, X., FOLCH, A. (2020) Modeling the redox potencial during the infiltration in a recharge pond located in the Llobregat river basin. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19505

SANCHEZ-VILA, X. (2019) An Overlook to New Research Ideas in Groundwater Modelling (Invitada). AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco 9-13 Diciembre 2019.

SANCHEZ-VILA, X., RODRIGUEZ-ESCALES, P. (2019) The Effect of Redox Conditions and the Role of Biomass in the Fate of Ultraviolet Filters in Porous Media. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco 9-13 Diciembre 2019.

SANCHEZ-VILA, X., RODRIGUEZ-ESCALES, P. (2020) Evaluating the role of biomass in the sorption of four UV-Filters. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19874

SOLE-MARI, G., FERNANDEZ-GARCIA, D., BOLSTER, D., SANCHEZ-VILA, X. (2019) Modeling reactive transport with local mixing limitation via random walk particle tracking. Goldschmidt2019, Barcelona 18-23 Agosto, 2019.

SOLE-MARI, G., FERNANDEZ-GARCIA, D., BOLSTER, D., SANCHEZ-VILA, X. (2019) Lagrangian Simulation of reactive transport: the space-time adaptive reaction supports (STARS) method. EGU General Assembly 2019- Vol, 21, EGU2019-16876

MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE: ADDRESSING THE RISKS OF RECHARGING REGENERATED WATER (MARADENTRO)

Financing entity: MICINN
Reference: PCI2019-1034254
Amount total: 100.000€
Duration: 17/05/2019-16/05/2022
Investigator in charge: Maarten Saaltink

Climate change and the expansion of urban areas worldwide is a major threat for sustainable and safe drinking water supplies. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is generally viewed as a powerful tool for replenishing depleted aquifers and for restoring ecological services of rivers with limited consumption of energy and chemicals[1]. Natural MAR systems based on water filtration during soil passage have proven to retain suspended particles and colloids, including microorganisms, and to favor biodegradation of contaminants, resulting in significant water quality improvement. However, periodic detection of pathogens in groundwater (GW), some with severe human health impacts[2], has led to strict quality requirements that effectively impede the use of low-quality water for MAR. This is paradoxical because potable water treatment during the XIX century simply consisted of sand filtering to remove pathogens and caused a life expectancy increase of some 20 years[3]. This paradox is well reflected on the on-going debate about quality requirements for GW recharge. Health protection authorities recommend strict controls on the water used for MAR, while several major cities experience that recharge using wastewater can be safe. As a result, the JRC[4] failed to reach a consensus on MAR water quality recommendations. The situation is unsatisfactory. Prudence demands regulations, while fear hinders actual implementation of MAR. New effective treatment strategies based on MAR can be the solution. The objective of MARadentro is to address the risk issue and provide recommendations on how to accomplish efficient MAR to guarantee human health, ecosystems protection and public acceptance on water reuse while increasing the fresh water resources.

Population increase is causing a severe shortage in water reserves, leading to aquifers overexploitation. The problem is especially severe in arid or semi-arid areas, where climate change is causing a reduction in rainfall. Lowering aquifer heads causes degradation of ecosystem functioning. For example, the loss of base flow in rivers implies the loss of hyporheic flow exchange, and thus biodiversity and its contaminants degradation services, causing rivers to become canals. Moreover, overexploitation impacts society and human well-fare as it directly affects food and fiber production, as well as prosperous development of urban areas. Reversing this negative trend requires the incorporation of low economic/energetic/water footprint technologies that allow the reuse/re-naturalization of water to increase the resilience and the adaptive capacity facing climate change.

In this context, MAR is an excellent option not only because it increases available water resources, thus increasing water use efficiency, but also because by recovering water levels it contributes to maintain wetlands and hyporheic flow in rivers. MAR may also be used to prevent seawater intrusion, thus helping in the protection of coastal ecosystems.

Despite its advantages, the implementation of MAR is still under debate. It was generally believed that pathogens did not move through porous media and that natural degradation processes removed most contaminants. However, outbreaks have shown that pathogens may reach pumping wells. Waterborne pathogens are diverse in size, infection dose, and survival and transport capacities in soils. Therefore, the behavior of different pathogens needs to be examined to reduce health risks in any water reclamation process⁵. However, a better understanding of factors influencing transport and fate of microorganisms is urgently needed to assess the risk of microbial contamination of aquifers, and to develop control strategies and treatment approaches.

Anthropogenic pollutants have increased dramatically in all water resources during the last five decades and forced many countries to impose strict water quality requirements on the source water for MAR. In practice, these requirements are so strict that even rainfall does not qualify due to high levels of suspended solids and low pH. The debate caused the JRC⁴ to abstain from producing recommendations for MAR, as they would have made illegal numerous systems that have worked properly in several European countries for more than 50 years.

Moreover, growing pressures on water resources appear continuously, which makes it difficult for water engineers to address them in the framework of an integrated approach to manage the water cycle and to support circular economy. An attractive alternative is to use MAR as a tertiary treatment to ensure pollutants and pathogens removal by adding a reactive layer. By increasing the reactive surface, allowing diverse microbial communities to develop and creating a range of redox states, reactive layers have proven efficient for contaminants degradation. However, experience is limited regarding the optimal design for efficient functionality of these layers.

In addition to the technical aspects not yet resolved on MAR, the great challenge is the “human factor” on water reuse, which must be considered to achieve a positive response from the public leading to the smooth implementation of MAR.

MIXING AND DISPERSION IN THE TRANSPORT OF ENERGY AND SOLUTES III

Financing entity: MICINN
Reference: Pid2019-110212RB-C22 (UPC)
Amount total: 186.340€
Duration: 01/01/2020-31/12/2023
Investigator in charge: Albert Folch Sancho, Sub-projecte

Summary:
This project (MD3_UPC) is a subproject of MD3, whose overall goals are to advance towards (1) estimating nutrient fluxes to the sea by submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), which is essential for marine ecosystems, (2) understanding and controlling seawater intrusion (SWI), which threatens most coastal aquifers, and (3) understanding geochemical processes in the mixing zone between discharging freshwater and intruding seawater. To this end, we have made significant progresses both on the characterization of SWI (notably, we have developed a singular pilot site at Argentona, some 40 km NE of Barcelona) and on the modeling of mixing processes. Specifically, we have developed innovative methods for characterizing coastal aquifers (cross-hole resistivity tomography, thermal tests, new interpretation methods for Ra and Rn data, and for hydraulic tests) and for describing transport through heterogeneous media. But in the process we have met numerous surprises, to the point that we have challenged the traditional SWI paradigm (e.g., we have explained the frequent anomalies of salinity profiles, why they may be misleading and why the conventional representation of SWI may not be valid in realistic heterogeneous aquifers). These surprises have delayed meeting the global project goals, which is why we propose to advance along three directions: consolidating the emerging SWI paradigm by new characterization methods, developing new techniques for identifying SGD, and search for indicators of SWI and SGD that can be applied by water management agencies on a regular basis.
In this context, MD3- UPC subproject will be responsible for modeling, for field experiments, and for the extension of SGD and SWI to regional scale. In the modeling WP, the main challenge will lie on the representation of the intense dynamics of the multilayered mixing zone which we will attempt both with existing codes and with the newly developed effective transport formulation. In the field, we will attempt innovative methods for characterizing SGD and SWI. Specifically, we will emphasize new monitoring systems (induction logging for salinity, continuous recording of pressure, geophysical characterization of SGD by off-shore ERT and by thermal imaging of the sea floor and the surface). We will also lead the search for large (regional) scale characterization using tools that can be used by water (both continental and marine) management agencies.

To this end, we will investigate the possible use of microbial communities as indicators of mixing, SWI dynamics and/or SGD, off-shore ERT to identify zones of freshwater discharge, and thermal imaging using drones and Landsat 8 in cases (periods) of high contrast between fresh water and sea water temperature.

International scientific impact
The MD suite addresses 3 hot scientific questions: (1) effective formulations to assess solute spreading and reactions in aquifers; (2) understanding and assessing geochemical processes in the fresh- salt- water interface of coastal aquifers, and especially (3) evaluating submarine groundwater discharge into the sea, which is currently assessed from the radium flux. Responding any of these questions, let alone several of them, will assure a significant scientific impact.
Beyond the topic, the site is unique and has already been the subject of international interest. We have been invited to present the site at the international SeaWater Intrusion Meeting (SWIM) and at several universities. At least, the Politecnico de Milano is using our data. The active participation of international researchers is also and indicator of the scientific interest of the site.
MD3 proposes the integration of hydrogeological concepts with geophysical and isotopic data to characterize the hydrogeological and biogeochemical processes that take place in the coastal aquifer mixing zone and the water and nutrient fluxes into the sea derived from the SGD. Multidisciplinary studies with an integrating approach of these characteristics are essential to understand the interaction between land and sea and its importance but are almost non-existent.
3.2 Technological impact
MD has developed several novel experimental methods to characterize mixing, dispersion and heat transfer in heterogeneous aquifers. These include the use of (1) anular space downhole electrodes, coupled to optical fibre and heater, to monitor water flux and salinity with high spatial resolution; (2) joint use of heat and conservative and reactive tracer tests to assess dispersion and mixing with varying Peclet numbers; (3) shallow layout of optical fiber and electrodes to characterize SGD.
We expect that the new technologies we will test in MD3 (TEM.C, data transmission systems, off-shore and amphibious ERT, etc.) will have a similar level of following.
3.3 Socio-economic impact
3.3.1 Increased participation in EU research programme

ME DISTRAES is relevant to 3 of the R&D Societal Challenges of Horizon 2020 programme:

(1)   Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials. Specifically, the project is relevant to 3 of the 5 thematic priorities identified in the EIP on Water. It is also relevant to one of the 3 cross-cutting priorities, namely decision support systems (DSS) and monitoring.
(2)   Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime and inland water research, and the bioeconomy.
(3)   Secure, clean and efficient energy, which emphasizes the study of geothermal energy. ME DISTRAES leads to improved understanding of heat transport.
It is too soon to tell about the new program (Horizon Europe), but climate change, healthy oceans, and healthy soil and food are mentioned as part of the missions to missions to deliver solutions to some of the greatest challenges facing our world
(https://ec.europa.eu/info/news/commission-announces-top-experts-shape-horizon-europe-missions-2019-jul-30_en). This suggests that the MD topic will continue contributing to improve EU research funding.

MIXING AND DISPERSION IN THE TRANSPORT OF ENERGY AND SOLUTES III

Financing entity: MICINN
Reference: Pid2019-110212RB-C22 (CSIC)
Amount total: 186.340€
Duration: 01/01/2020-31/12/2023
Investigator in charge: Jeus Carrera Ramirez. Coordinador

Summary:

MD3 aims at building on the lessons learned, and the field and laboratory infrastructure created during MD1 and MD2, while expanding the scope to larger scale. Thus, the objectives of MD3 are similar to those of MD2, but emphasizing the reactions occurring in the fresh- salt- water mixing zone, and specifically those affecting the mobility of Ra, Rn and nutrients and organic compounds that are delivered to the ocean. To this end, we emphasize the characterization of the aquifer offshore as the processes occurring in the sea have a significant effect in the aquifer inland. Furthermore, we want to evaluate new potential tracers/indicators to understand the aquifer dynamics at different scales as well as biogeochemical processes taking place (microbial communities). Thus, the ultimate motivation of the project is to advance in the linking of hydrogeology to oceanography and hydrogeology. Therefore the main objective of the project is to develop methods to characterize SWI and SGD at the local scale, inland and offshore, and to extend them at the regional scale to improve groudwater management in costal aquifers..

To reach this goal, specific objectives include:

To develop a formulation to represent solute transport through heterogeneous media that acknowledges not only advection and dispersion, but also mixing and how reactants reach reaction sites. After attempting MRMT in MD1 and MADWMA in MD”, the challenge now is to acknowledge incomplete mixing.
To improve the understanding of mixing and geochemical processes in the seawater freshwater interface with emphasis on the role of heterogeneity and seasonal fluctuations.
To improve the estimation of discharge flows of fresh water and chemical compounds from coastal aquifers to the sea by using Ra and Rn data, and EOCs.
To improve the knowledge related to the presence of contaminants that can alter the biogeochemical cycles and the quality of the coastal water masses in the Water Framework Directive that is implemented by the local Administration (i.e. Agència Catalan de l’Aigua).
Characterize microbial communities to evaluate: 1) whether the microbial diversity and populations can be used as indicators of the dynamics taking place in the aquifer 2) whether the microbial populations can help understanding the biogeochemical process taking place in the aquifer and at the same time asses the biodegradation potential in the different aquifer compartments and 3) if the microbial assemblages can be used to determine the ecological status of the aquifer.
To develop methods to measure and monitor off-shore the fresh water discharge into the sea, which will allow us to verify inland estimates. The basic assumption is that this goal can be achieved by combination of thermal (both passive and active) and electro-magnetic methods and will be complemented by direct sampling of groundwater discharge.
To improve the understanding of using radioactive tracers and derived chemicals fluxes into the sea. To this end, numerical models will help to understand the limitations and advanteges of using these SGD tracers
To extend this understanding to regional scale by large scale observation (satellite and marine ERT) od interest to the regional authority.

Decade 2010

Enhancing degradation and risk management of emerging organic compounds in managed aquifer recharge systems by means of chaotic advection.

Financing entity: MICINN
Reference: CGL2015-69768-R
Amount total: 179.080€
Duration: 01/01/2016-31/12/2017
Investigator in charge: Daniel Fernández García

SUMMARY

Managed Artificial Recharge of aquifers (MAR) has been well established as a technology capable of increasing the water resources storage by enhancing the transfer of water from the ground surface to the underlying aquifer. Moreover, by properly managing the presence of labile organic carbon, MAR can improve the quality of the mix of recharged and regional groundwater through the enhancing of reduction-oxidation processes along the infiltration path and in the mixing area. Besides traditional pollutants, Emerging Organic Compounds (EOCs) have been routinely detected in the recharging water. These compounds are associated with pharmaceutical and personal care products as well as industrial compounds or pesticides. Importantly, this type of contamination typically consists of a complex mixture of compounds, each one having a different degradation behavior for a given redox state. In this context, it is necessary to carefully examine the danger of damaging an aquifer water quality by recharging water containing pollutants (including EOCs). This is done by properly assessing the risk to sensitive locations. INDEMNE investigates a new strategy aimed to reduce the risk to human health and ecosystems posed by EOCs in MAR operations. The proposal contends that an engineering sequence of injections and extractions in the aquifer during MAR operations will increase the contact between the recharging solution and the groundwater, enhancing mixing and promoting the formation of a broad redox zonation capable to effectively degrade complex mixtures of EOCs. To achieve this, INDEMNE investigates fundamental processes taking place over multiple scales and develops methods and tools to assess the risk posed by these contaminants during MAR operations. First, fundamental processes aimed at characterizing the hydro-biochemical processes governing the fate and transport of EOCs in aquifers will be investigated. In the laboratory, column experiments will be used to analyze processes at the microscale. The upscaling of processes will be examined by means of intermediate-scale tanks with reconstructed aquifers. This will allow analyzing the benefits of sequences of injections and extractions under laboratory controlled conditions. Finally, INDEMNE will take advantage of an already equipped field site to assess the new technology in situ. Experimental data will feed mathematical developments and numerical methods aimed at properly representing hydro-biochemical process of EOCs into reactive transport models. These models will be incorporated into a new risk-based data driven methodologies that will help decision makers to develop strategies that will minimize the involved risks to society and environment as well as to reduce the corresponding uncertainties through data acquisition campaigns. This risk-based framework will allow identifying key factors controlling the risk posed by EOCs and will help analyzing the benefits of installing a pre-defined optimized sequence of injections and extractions during MAR operations. These risk-based tools will be ultimately applied to improve the design of a MAR system in the Llobregat Valley.

ACCELERATED WATER PURIFICATION DURING ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF WATER - A TOOL TO RESTORE DRINKING WATER RESOURCES

Financing entity: MICINN. INICIATIVA INTERNACIONAL: Water JPI - WaterWorks 2014
Reference: PCIN-2015-239.
Amount total: 110.000€
Duration: 01/01/2016-31/12/2018
Investigator in charge: Francisco Javier Sánchez Vila

SUMMARY
Water is essential for life, not only for direct consumption, but also for sanitary requirements, and for agricultural and industrial production. Pure drinking water is a limited resource and its demand to supply ratio is increasing globally due to population growth, increased wealth, and climate change. Development of efficient, sustainable and cost-effective techniques for water purification and reuse is therefore urgent. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR), or Artificial Recharge, is an often used technique to replenish exploited aquifers. Water of insufficient quality for drinking is infiltrated via basins or surface spreading through soils and aquifer sediments thereby improving its quality. Although managed recharge has been used for decades, the technique is often operated as a black box without knowledge of the microorganisms and the metabolic processes and pathways involved. ACWAPUR aims at developing innovative techniques, steering tools and management guidelines to prevent leaching of pathogens, inorganic nutrients and organic pollutants to underlying aquifers during artificial recharge processes. This will be achieved by the construction of advanced treatment barriers with a porosity that prevent leaching of pathogens and at the same time provide optimal conditions for microbial degradation processes. The barriers will consist of organic layers which, on the one hand, promote sorption of organic pollutants and, on the other hand, facilitate the creation of different redox conditions, to accelerate both aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes. Novel steering tools envisaged include : 1) stimulation of ammonium oxidizing bacteria which are known to facilitate co-metabolic degradation of contaminants; 2) supply of specific degrading bacteria or nutrients to treatment membranes; 3) addition of easily degradable organic carbon to facilitate nitrogen removal by denitrification; 4) coating of membrane sediments by e.g. iron oxides to facilitate adhesion of pathogenic bacteria; and 5) introduction of submerged plants to prevent clogging and supply organic carbon. In addition to bringing considerable advances to water treatment biotechnology, the main outcome of ACWAPUR will be prototype barrier systems, steering tools and management guidelines ready for commercialization and implementation in a number of MAR applications.
In this context, the participation of the spanish teams involves (1) the reconditioning of the heavily instrumented basin at Sant Vicenç dels Horts, near Barcelona, to test the above steering tools; (2) the monitoring of microorganisms mediated, redox dependent, degradation reactions, (3) the development of new model concepts to simulate localization (i.e., the occurrence of local micro environments favoring reactions that would not occur in a well mixed porous medium), and (4) the actual implementation and application of these concepts to column experiments and recharge field-scale basins.

WatEr NEEDs: availability, quality and sustainability

Financing entity: MICINN. INICIATIVA INTERNACIONAL: Water JPI - WaterWorks 2014
Reference: PCIN-2015-248.
Amount total: 110.000€
Duration: 01/01/2016-31/12/2017
Investigator in charger: Daniel Fernández García

SUMMARY

Groundwater (GW) is a major source of water supply in Europe. This important natural resource is endangered by several factors, such as over-exploitation, improper water management policies, and pollution by anthropogenic activities. Ignoring the consequences of GW depletion and quality deterioration is the foundation on which unsustainable water policies are built. The goal of WE-NEED is to develop new management strategies to sustainably exploit two common GW resources: pumping wells used to supply drinking water, and natural springs employed for crop irrigation. Three main topics are explored in WE-NEED, tackled by a consortium involving institutions from 4 different countries: (i) building conceptual models at the basin scale to describe ground- and surface- waters interactions, dealing with very different spatial and temporal scales; (ii) characterizing the fate of emerging organic compounds (EOCs) in aquifers and the way they may threaten groundwater quality; and (iii) quantifying the effect of multiple sources of uncertainty on sustainable management and protection of the groundwater bodies.

Our individual proposal (UPC, Hydrogeology Group) involves the last two items. On one hand, we are interested in the fate of EOCs present in subsurface water bodies. While the transport of reactive solutes is a topic heavily addressed in the literature, little is known about the actual link between degradation of EOCs linked to given redox conditions and under the presence of bacteria catalysing reactions. The resulting heavily non-linear system of equations (based upon mass balance considerations) must be first formulated, and then solved numerically. We propose novel methodologies based on particle tracking to solve the latter. For this purpose, new numerical developments must be done, since the existing methods cannot deal with complex non-linear reactions.

The second main topic is the evaluation of risk associated to given hydrogeological practices related to water extraction (in wells or springs). Risk analysis should be based on assessing exposure of a living organism to concentrations of EOCs, combined with ecotoxicological studies. Because geological media are ubiquitously heterogeneous and exhibit spatial variations on a multiplicity of scales, prediction of subsurface flow and transport, and their interactions with surface processes, are formidable challenges. The study will be extended to couple chemical with biological processes, evaluating the dynamics of biomass and biofilm evolution, aiming at understanding the local processes and properly upscaling them. Quantification of risk should then be tackled within a Probabilistic Risk Assessment framework, involving multidisciplinarity by combining natural, earth, and social sciences. The key output of the research will be a decision-making tool for the sustainable use of water for civil, agricultural and industrial activities, accounting for health hazards.

We will ground the development of our techniques on observations associated with two currently monitored field sites located in Italy. These sites are archetypal of two distinct realities of the trinomial WATER-FOOD-ENERGY, in one of the sites adding a fourth item, CULTURAL HERITAGE, and can be considered representative of diverse environmental settings and conditions of Europe-wide interest.

Estabilidad de elementos trazas en precipitados de drenajes acidos de mina: usos potenciales e implicaciones

Financing entity: MICINN
Reference: CGL2013-48460-C2-2-R
Amount total: 116.160 Euros
Duration: 01/01/2014 al 31/12/2016
Investigator in charge: Carlos Ayora Ibañez

Mixing and dispersion in the transport of energy and solutesMixing and dispersion in the transport of energy and solutes II

Financing entity: MICINN
Reference: CGL2013-48869-C2-1-R y CGL2013-48869-C2-2-R
Amount total: 153.670 Euros (CSIC)
Amount total: 121.000 Euros (UPC)
Duration: 01/01/2014 al 31/12/2016
Investigator in charge CSIC: Jesús Carrera (Coordinador)
Investigator in charge UPC: Maarten Saaltink
Coordinated project: UPC-CSIC

Abstract:

Reactive solute transport is essential for many fluid flow problems, including groundwater, which is the focus of this proposal. The physical and chemical heterogeneity of natural permeable media cause the classical Fickian approaches (Advection Dispersion Equation, ADE) to fail. The basic problem of the ADE is that it equates dispersion (i.e., spreading: rate of growth of solute plumes volumes) and mixing (i.e., dilution: the rate of dissipation of concentration variability). The latter is especially important because it controls the rate of many chemical reactions, by controlling the rate at which reactants mix and reach reacting surfaces. Dispersion and mixing are intimately linked, but are different processes. We have worked in recent years in non-Fickian approaches (MRMT, CTRW, amongst others) to overcome the limitations of the ADE. Some success has been reached for conservative transport dispersion, but reactive transport advances have been much more modest.

Our objective here is three-fold. First, we propose to advance in non-local formulations for transport to the point of making them applicable to real problems. Second, we propose applying those advances to groundwater heat exchangers, where we conjecture that local dissipation is controlled by thermal conductivity while thermal plume size is controlled by dispersion. Third, we propose applying these advances also to the geochemical processes in the fresh- salt- water interface of coastal aquifers, where we conjecture that mixing, rather than dispersion, controls dissolution-precipitation and cation exchange reactions. The latter are especially relevant for evaluating submarine groundwater discharge into the sea, which is currently assessed from the radium flux. This flux may be controlled by desorption in the mixing zone, which we hope to represent more accurately with the proposed approach.

To test the theory we will perform a set of novel laboratory experiments to evaluate simultaneously dispersion and mixing. Dispersion will be evaluated from conservative tracer tests, while mixing will be evaluated from the rate of cation exchange and dissolution-precipitation fast reactions. In parallel, similar novel field experiments will be performed at the Argentona coastal site to (1) assess geochemical processes in the mixing zone, (2) evaluate submarine groundwater discharge both from in-shore and off-shore measurements, and (3) evaluate heat dissipation rates from heat exchangers under varying flow conditions. Field site activities include a number of novel experimental methods (downhole electrodes, coupled to optical fibre and heater, to monitor water flux in the mixing zone with high spatial resolution; heat and conservative and reactive tracer tests to assess simultaneously dispersion and mixing with varying Peclet numbers; etc.). These, together with code developments should generate commercial activity both in Spain and abroad.

Key Words

transport, mixing, dispersion, solutes, heat, reactions, coastal aquifer, seawater intrusion, submarine groundwater discharge, GIS

Transient Flow Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (FEAR)

Financing entity: MICINN
Reference: CGL2012-38120
Amount total: 73.000 Euros
Duration: 01/01/2013 al 31/12/2015
Investigator in charge: Daniel Fernández García

Publications

Rahbaralam M., D Fernàndez-Garcia, X Sanchez-Vila (2015), Do we really need a large number of particles to simulate bimolecular reactive transport with random walk methods? A kernel density estimation approach, Journal of Computational Physics, 303, 95-104.
Henri, C. V., and D. Fernàndez-Garcia (2015), A random walk solution for modeling solute transport with network reactions and multi-rate mass transfer in heterogeneous systems: Impact of biofilms, Advances in Water Resources, 86, 119-132.
Siirila-Woodburn, E. R., D. Fernàndez-Garcia, and X. Sanchez-Vila (2015), Improving the accuracy of risk prediction from particle-based breakthrough curves reconstructed with kernel density estimators, Water Resour. Res., 51, doi:10.1002/2014WR016394.
Henri, C. V., D. Fernàndez-Garcia, and F. P. J. Barros (2015), Probabilistic human health risk assessment of degradation-related chemical mixtures in heterogeneous aquifers: Risk statistics, hot spots, and preferential channels, Water Resour. Res., 51, doi:10.1002/2014WR016717.
Fernàndez-Garcia, D., and X. Sanchez-Vila (2015), Mathematical equivalence between time-dependent single-rate and multirate mass transfer models, Water Resour. Res., 51, 3166–3180, doi:10.1002/2014WR016348.
Freixa A., S. Rubol, A. Carles-Brangarí, D. Fernàndez-Garcia, A. Butturini, X. Sanchez-Vila, A.M. Romaní (2016), The effects of sediment depth and oxygen concentration on the use of organic matter: An experimental study using an infiltration sediment tank, Science of The Total Environment, 540, 20-31.
Dutta T., A. Carles-Brangarí, D. Fernàndez-Garcia, S.Rubol, J. Tirado-Conde, X. Sanchez-Vila (2015), Vadose zone oxygen (O2) dynamics during drying and wetting cycles: An artificial recharge laboratory experiment, Journal of Hydrology, 527, 151-159.
Siirila-Woodburn, E. R., X. Sanchez-Vila, and D. Fernàndez-Garcia (2015), On the formation of multiple local peaks in breakthrough curves, Water Resour. Res., 51, doi:10.1002/2014WR015840.
Henri, C. V., and D. Fernàndez-Garcia (2014), Toward efficiency in heterogeneous multispecies reactive transport modeling: A particle-tracking solution for first-order network reactions, Water Resour. Res., 50, doi:10.1002/2013WR014956.
Rubol S, A Freixa, A Carles-Brangarí, D Fernàndez-Garcia, AM Romaní, X. Sanchez-vila (2014), Connecting bacterial colonization to physical and biochemical changes in a sand box infiltration experiment, Journal of Hydrology, 517, 317–327.
Pedretti, D., D. Fernàndez-Garcia, X. Sanchez-Vila, D. Bolster, and D. A. Benson (2014), Apparent directional mass-transfer capacity coefficients in three-dimensional anisotropic heterogeneous aquifers under radial convergent transport, Water Resour. Res., 50, doi:10.1002/2013WR014578.
V. Kumar, F. P.J. de Barros, M. Schuhmacher, D. Fernàndez-Garcia, X. Sanchez-Vila et al. (2013), Dynamic interactions between hydrogeological and exposure parameters in daily dose prediction under uncertainty and temporal variability, J. Hazard. Mater. 263P (2013) 197– 206, http:// dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.jhazmat.2013.08.036.
F.P.J. de Barros, A. Guadagnini, M. Riva, D. Fernàndez-Garcia, X. Sanchez-Vila (2013), Controlling scaling metrics for improved characterization of well-head protection regions, Journal of Hydrology 494 (2013) 107–115.
Sanchez-Vila X., S. Rubbol, A. Carles-Brangari, D. Fernàndez-Garcia (2013), An analytical solution to study substrate-microbial dynamics in soils, Advances in Water Resources, 54, 181-190, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.advwatres. 2013.02.004.
Pedretti D., D. Fernàndez-Garcia, D. Bolster, X. Sanchez-Vila (2013), On the formation of breakthrough curves tailing during convergent flow tracer tests in three-dimensional heterogeneous aquifers, Water Resour. Res., 49, doi:10.1002/wrcr.20330.
Pedretti D. and D. Fernàndez-Garcia (2013), An automatic locally-adaptive method to estimate heavily-tailed breakthrough curves from particle distributions, Advances in Water Resources 59 (2013) 52–65.
F.P.J. de Barros, D. Fernàndez-Garcia, D. Bolster, and X. Sanchez-Vila (2013), Estimating rebound concentrations for aquifer remediation and risk analysis, Water Resour. Res., 49, 1–14.

Consolider Ingenio 2010. Assessing and predicting effects on water quantity and quality in Iberian rivers caused by global change (SCARCE)

Funding by: Micinn
Duration: Abril 2010 – Abril 2015
Grant amount: 255094 €
Investigator in charge: Xavier Sànchez-Vila

Mejora del proceso de construcción de túneles incorporando información geológica e hidrogeológica en tiempo real

Financing entity: MICINN
Reference: BIA2010 - 20244
Amount total: 112.409 Euros
Duration: Enero 2011 – Diciembre 2013
Investigator in charge: Enric Vàzquez

Heterogeneity and Reactive Transport (HEART)

Financing entity: MICINN
Reference: CGL2010-18450
Amount total: 97.000 Euros
Duration: Enero 2011 – Diciembre 2013
Investigator in charge: Maarten Saaltink

Publications

P.K., Kang, M. Dentz, R. Juanes (2011), Phys. Rev. E, 83(3), 030101, 4 p., doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.83.030101
P.K. Kang, M. Dentz, T. Le Borgne, J. Ruben (2011), Spatial Markov Model of Anomalous Transport Through Random Lattice Networks, Phys. Rev. Lett., 107(18), 180602, 5 p., doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.180602
Castro-Alcalá, D. Fernàndez-Garcia, J. Carrera, D. Bolster (2012) Visualization of Mixing Processes in a Heterogeneous Sand Box Aquifer, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 3228-3235, doi: dx.doi.org/10.1021/es201779p
P. J. De Barros, M. Dentz, J. Koch, W. Nowak (2012), Flow topology and scalar mixing in spatially heterogeneous flow fields, Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, L08404, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051302.
Bolster, M. Dentz (2012), Anomalous dispersion in chemically heterogeneous media induced by long-range correlation, J. Fluid. Mech. 695, 366-389, doi: 10.1017/jfm.2012.25
Tecklenburg, I. Neuweiler, M. Dentz, J. Carrera, S. Geiger, C. Abramowski and O. Silva (2013), A Non-Local Two-Phase Flow Model For Immiscible Displacement in Highly Heterogeneous Porous Media And Its Parameterization, Adv. Water Resour. 62, 475-487, doi: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.05.012.
Le Borgne, M. Dentz, E. Villermaux (2013), Stretching, coalescence and mixing in porous media, Phys. Rev. Lett., 110, 204501, doi 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.204501.
Dentz, F. P. J. de Barros (2013), Dispersion Variance for Transport in Heterogeneous Porous Media, Water Resour. Res., 49, 3443-3461, doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20288.

Mineral reaction kinetics in CO2 geological sequestration (Cinética de reacción mineral en el secuestro geológico de CO2).

Financing entity: MICINN
Reference: CGL2010-20984-CO2-01
Amount total: 84.000 Euros
Duration: Enero 2011 – Diciembre 2013
Investigator in charge: Pep Soler

Title: 2009 SGR 1057

Funding by: AGAUR
Duration: Septiembre 2009-Septiembre 2013
Grant amount: 79040 euros
Investigator in charge: Xavier Sànchez-Vila

Title: Nuevo sistema de inyección de CO2 en formaciones salinas

Financing entity: MICINN
Reference: CGL2010-11362-E
Amount total: 49.000 Euros
Duration: 29-04-2011-28-04-2012
Investigator in charge: Jesús Carrera

Title: Riesgo Asociado a la Recarga Artifical de Acuíferos; una visión integrada suelo (RARA-AVIS)

Reference: CGL200911114
Funding by: Micinn
Duration: Enero 2010- Enero 2012
Grant amount: 65000 euros
Investigator in charge: Xavier Sànchez-Vila

Publications

Sanchez‐Vila, D. Fernàndez‐Garcia and A. Guadagnini (2011) Interpretation of column experiments of transport of solutes undergoing an irreversible bimolecular reaction using a continuum approximation, WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 46, W12510, doi:10.1029/2010WR009539, 2010.
Fernàndez-Garcia, X. Sanchez-Vila (2011) Optimal reconstruction of concentrations, gradients and reaction rates from particle distributions, J. CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY, 120-121, 99–114.
F.P.J. de Barros, D. Bolster, X. Sanchez‐Vila and W. Nowak (2011) A divide and conquer approach to cope with uncertainty, human health risk, and decision making in contaminant hydrology, WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 47, W05508, doi:10.1029/2010WR009954, 2011.
Pedretti, D. Fernàndez-Garcia, X. Sanchez-Vila, M. Barahona-Palomo, D. Bolster (2011) Combining physical-based models and satellite images for the spatio-temporal assessment of soil infiltration capacity, STOCH ENVIRON RES RISK ASSESS, DOI 10.1007/s00477-011-0486-4.
Jurado, F. De Gaspari, V. Vilarrasa, D. Bolster, X. Sanchez-Vila, D. Fernàndez-Garcia, D.M. Tartakovsky (2012) Probabilistic analysis of groundwater-related risks at subsurface excavation sites, ENGINEERING GEOLOGY, 125, 35–44.
Fernàndez-Garcia, D. Bolster, X. Sanchez-Vila, D.M. Tartakovsky (2012) A Bayesian approach to integrate temporal data into probabilistic risk analysis of monitored NAPL remediation, ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES, 36, 108–120.
Pedretti, M. Barahona-Palomo, D. Bolster, D. Fernàndez-Garcia, X. Sanchez-Vila, D.M. Tartakovsky (2012a) Probabilistic analysis of maintenance and operation of artificial recharge ponds, ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES, 36, 23–35.
M. Barbieri, J. Carrera, C. Ayora, X. Sanchez-Vila, T. Licha, K. Nödler, V. Osorio, S. Pérez, M. Köck-Schulmeyer, M. López de Alda, D. Barceló (2012a) Formation of diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole reversible transformation products in aquifer material under denitrifying conditions: Batch experiments, SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 426, 256–263.
M. Barbieri, T. Licha, K. Nödler, J. Carrera, C. Ayora, X. Sanchez-Vila (2012b) Fate of beta-blockers in aquifer material under nitrate reducing conditions: Batch experiments, CHEMOSPHERE 89, 1272–1277.
Pedretti, M. Barahona-Palomo, D. Bolster, X. Sanchez-Vila, D. Fernàndez-Garcia (2012b) A quick and inexpensive method to quantify spatially variable infiltration capacity for artificial recharge ponds using photographic images, J. OF HYDROLOGY, 430, 118–126.

Title: Atenuación natural y tratamiento pasivo de drenajes acidos de minas en la Cuenca del “Rio Odiel”

Funding by: CTM2007-66724-C02-01/TECNO
Participating institutions: CSIC
Organism: MEC
Period: 2007-2010
Investigator in charge: Carlos Ayora
Amount: 210000 €

Title: Herramientas de modelacion hidrogeológicas 3D en medios sedimentarios (HEROS)

Funding by: CGL2007-66748
Period: 01/10/2007 al 30/09/2010
Principal Researcher: Radu Gogu
Amount: 119.790 €

Publications

X. Sanchez-Vila, D. Fernàndez-Garcia, A. Guadagnini (2010). Interpretation of column experiments of transport of solutes undergoing an irreversible bimolecular reaction using a continuum approximation. Water Resources Research, Water Resour. Res., 46, W12510,doi:10.1029/2010WR009539.

D. Fernàndez-Garcia, X. Sanchez-Vila (2010). Optimal reconstruction of concentrations, gradients, and reaction rates from particle distributions. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 31 (2008) 1364–1376, doi: 10.1016 / j.jconhyd. 2010.05.001.

D. Fernàndez-Garcia, P. Trinchero, X. Sanchez-Vila (2010). Conditional stochastic mapping of transport connectivity. Water Resources Research, 46, W10515, doi: 10.1029 / 2009WR008533.

D. Pedretti, D. Fernàndez-Garcia, X. Sanchez-Vila, M. Barahona-Palomo, D. Bolster (2010). Spatio-temporal Assessment of Soil Infiltration Capacity Physical-based Models and Geostatistical Inference. Stochastic Environmental Resources and Risk Assessment, Submitted (accepted).

D. Pedretti, M. Barahona-Palomo, D. Bolster, D. Fernàndez-Garcia, X. Sanchez-Vila, D. M. Tartakovsky (2010). Probabilistic Analysis of Maintenance and Operation of Artificial Recharge Ponds. Advances in Water Resources, Submitted (in review).

D. Pedretti, M. Barahona-Palomo, D. Bolster, X. Sanchez-Vila, D. Fernàndez-Garcia, (2011). A fast and inexpensive method for the quantitative assessment of the spatially variable infiltration capacity using satellite images. Journal of Hydrology, To be Submitted.

D. Fernàndez-Garcia, D. Bolster, D., X. Sanchez-Vila, D. M. Tartakovsky (2010). A Bayesian Approach to Integrate Real-Time Data into Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Remediation Efforts in NAPL-Polluted Sites. Advances in Water Resources, (Under Review).

Title: ATRAPO- Atenuación natural y tratamiento pasivo de drenajes ácidos de minas en la cuenca del Odiel

Funding by: CTM2007-66724-C02-01/TECNO
Duration, of: 2007 to: Septiembre 2010
Grant amount: 210 k€
Investigator in charge: Carlos Ayora

Decade 2000

Title: Corrección de impactos asociados al ascenso de las Aguas subterráneas de Barcelona

Organism: CICYT HID98-0468
Period: Septiembre 98 – Septiembre 00
Amount: 33.927,13 €
Principal Researcher: Jesús Carrera

Title: Desarrollo y aplicación de métodos para el seguimiento del impacto sobre las aguas subterráneas del vertido de lodos mineros. El caso Aznalcóllar

Organism: FEDER -1FD97-1867
Period: Enero 00 – Diciembre 00
Amount: 40.359,04 €

Title: Desarrollo de algoritmos de caracterización de la incertidumbre y variabilidad espacial de las propiedades hidráulicas de los acuíferos

Organism: CICYT-HID99-0838
Period: Enero 00 – Diciembre 01
Amount: 16.491,77 €
Principal Researcher: Xavier Sànchez Vila

Title: Grups de Recerca Consolidats-1999 "Grup d'hidrologia subterrània"

Organism: Generalitat de Catalunya-SGR99-00137
Period: Enero 00 – Octubre 01
Amount: 9.015,18 €
Principal Researcher: Xavier Sànchez Vila

Title: Equipo de registro geofísico multiparámetrico en sondeos

Organism: REN2001-4797-E/HID
Period: Junio 02 – Diciembre 02
Amount: 37.000,00 €
Investigador Principal: Xavier Sánchez-Vila

Title: Procesos de atenuación de la oxidación de sulfuros en residuos mineros del so de iberia

Organism: CICYT-REN2000-1003-C03/HID
Period: Diciembre 00 – Diciembre 03
Amount: 29.617,88 €

Title: Grups de Recerca Consolidats-2001 "Grup d'hidrologia subterrània"

Organism: Generalitat de Catalunya-SGR01-00239
Period: Diciembre 01 – Diciembre 04
Amount: 41.469,84 €
Principal Researcher: Xavier Sànchez Vila

Title: ATRAPAME: Alternativas para el tratamiento pasivo de aguas contaminadas con metales

Funding by: MCy T
Period: 2003 - 2005
Amount:
Enric Vàzquez

Title: DRAMA: Drenaje Ácido de MinA: Prevención, Atenuación natural y Tratamiento pasivo

Funding by: MCy T
Period: 2003 - 2006
Amount: 91200,00 €
Carlos Ayora

Title: Estudio Geoestadístico de los Procesos de Transporte en Medios Fracturados

Period: 2005 – 2008
Organism: CICYT PB90-1015
Enric Vàzquez

Title: Grups de Recerca Consolidats-2005 "Grup d'hidrologia subterrània"

Organism: Generalitat de Catalunya-SGR05-686
Period: 2005 – 2008
Amount: 52600 €
Principal Researcher: Xavier Sànchez Vila

Title: Modelación y escalado del transporte reactivo en medios heterogéneos (MODEST)

Period: Octubre 2005 – Octubre 2008
Organism: CICYT CGL2005-05171
Amount: 890120 €
Investigador Principal: Radu Gogu

Title: Parámetros deducidos de Ensayos Hidráulicos: ¿realmente lo sabemos todo? (PARATODO)

Organism: CICYT CGL2006-10766-HID
Period: Octubre 2006 – Diciembre 2009
Amount: 108295 €
Investigador Principal: Xavier Sánchez-Vila

Decade 1990

Title: Los movimientos de ladera como catástrofes naturales. Su incidencia, control y previsión, cartografía de riesgos y banco de datos. Aplicación al Pirineo.